L3 Creative Media 2018-2019 - Jack Palmer

Functions of Camera Movement Camera Movement This can reveal dramatic information by enlarging the viewer's field of view. Able to narrow and focus attention on significant objects. Motivated and Unmotivated Movement Motivated Movement = Prompted by characters and events in the film, such as when the camera follows a moving character or reframes the shots to reveal another character. Unmotivated Movement = Those that pertain to the filmmaker's commentary on characters and events. Movements Zoom = Using the camera to magnify the subject or widen the subject. Here is an example from 'Jaws'. Pan = Allows the viewer to follow the action from left to right. Here is an example from YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iadPLGxnYCc Tilt = Tilt up and down Whip Pan and Tilt = An extreme fast movement of the camera from side to side or up and down Dolly = When you move the camera backwards and forwards, typically on a track or motorize...

Continuity Continuity is when shots, that are more-or-less related, are edited together in order to direct the audience's to a pre-existing story across time and location. These are the rules of continuity:- Establishing shot = Often found in long shots or extreme long shots, this shot shows where a scene is going to take place and it can show the relationship between the location and the subject. Here is an example:- Shot reverse shot = Typically used in a conversation. This shot focuses on the characters that are talking, switches between the two to make a scene look like a conversation. The shot types must match. Here is an example of an image where two faces match positions. 180 degree rule = Not allowed to have cameras on both sides of two characters, only on one side otherwise it looks like the character has moved, breaking continuity. The image below explains how the rule works. Cross-cutting = To edit together two sequences that somehow conne...

Elements of Editing The elements of editing are:- Order of shots Transitions Pace & Rhythm Order of shots The meaning of a sequence can change depending on the order the shots are cut together. Putting two shots together can suggest a connection or emphasise contrast (juxtaposition). Transitions The process of movement from one shot to another. Examples include:- Cut Fade Dissolve Wipe Pace & Rhythm The duration of a shot will usually reflect the narrative context. Soviet Montage Theory Soviet Montage Theory is the idea that placing together separate sections of film could create ideas or have an impact beyond the individual shots. For example:- eye + water = cry Parallel editing, Match cut & Jump cut Parallel editing is basically cross cutting. This is an editing technique used to establish two or more scenes happening at the same time. The camera usually cuts from one place to another. This could alternatively...

Mise-en-scene In basic terms, Mise-en-scene is everything you see on-screen. The 5 elements of mise-en-scene include:- Lighting & colour Costume, hair & make-up Location, sets and props Facial expressions and body language Position of characters and objects in the frame Activity = settings and props 1). Costume, Hair & Make-Up Costume, Hair & Make-up act as an instant indicator to a character's personality, status and job.  Costume & Make-up can relate back to a certain time period or they can tell us whether this character is a villain or a hero e.g. a bright coloured cloak for a superhero or a black cloak for a villain. Hair and Make-up can signify certain characters. An example would be The Joker in "Dark Knight", who has red lips and a white face to symbolise a clown. This could also connote that this character is very psychotic and evil. 2). Facial expressions & Body Language Facial expressions provid...

Different Types of Sound in TV & Film Sound - Everything that can be heard in a scene Dialogue - Words spoken by characters in a scene. An example of this would be in ' Pirates of The Caribbean ' when Will & Jack interact during a sword fight. Voiceover - An omniscient narrator or a character heard talking in a scene. An example of this would be how David Attenborough narrates ' Planet Earth II '. Music - This is used to heighten the emotion and drama of a scene. An example of this would be that a sinister tune is played at each entry of Darth Vader in the Star Wars movies, which helps to create tension around his character. Sound Effects - A recorded sound other than dialogue or music which is added to the soundtrack to enhance the tension. Examples of this could a ringing phone or a gunshot, which is used in the film, ' No Country For Old Men '. Diegetic Sound - A sound that has a physical origin in the film world. An e...

Shot Types What is a shot and What is cinematography? Shot = A series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted length of time. Cinematography = The art of photography and camerawork in film. Types of Shots Extreme Long Shot (XLS) - A wide view of a complete setting such as a cityscape. This can be used to convey the setting of a scene. Here is an example below. Long Shot (LS) - Closer than XLS but still shows the complete scene. This can show the setting from a closer perspective. A n example of this is in the film ' Skyfall ', where James Bond (Daniel Craig) looks ove r London. Medium Long Shot (MLS) - This shot gives great detail of  about the setting. This gives great detail about setting. Here is an example Medium Shot (MS) - On a human body, it would start at the waist and include a little bit of space above the head. This could be used to show the character's body language and facial expressions.  He...